Puppet

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Puppet

https://puppet.com/

https://forge.puppet.com/ <-- Where to get Modules

Puppet code is a declarative language, which means that you describe only the desired state for your systems, not the steps needed to get there

One of Puppet's core concepts is the resource abstraction layer. For Puppet, each aspect of the system you want to manage (such as a user, file, service, or package) is represented in code as a unit called a resource. The puppet resource tool lets you view and modify these resources directly.

Puppet Master --> [Catalog] --> Node --> [Facts] --> Puppet Master

  • Facts = data about its state
  • Catalog = Facts are used to compile a catalog that specifies how the node should be configured


Puppet agent uses providers to check for difference between current and desired state. The Providers help puppet implement whatever changes are necessary

Disable

Because sometimes you want to make things work before they are automated

sudo puppet agent --disable

Types

See what Puppet knows about a resource

sudo puppet resource file /tmp/
file { '/tmp/':
  ensure => 'directory',
  ctime  => '2020-03-28 19:15:40 +0000',
  group  => 0,
  mode   => '1777',
  mtime  => '2020-03-28 19:15:40 +0000',
  owner  => 0,
  type   => 'directory',
}

sudo puppet resource package httpd ensure=present Installs a package using the default package manager

Manifests – puppet code saves as .pp

Run a manifest directly (without puppet master involvement)

sudo puppet apply /tmp/hello.pp 

Class – named block of Puppet Code – Class brings together resoures that manage one logical component of a system

Module – directory structure


Template Files (Embedded Ruby .erb)

https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/latest/lang_template_erb.html

Not required, but nice to have, an initial block that shows what variables are expected to be passed into the template

<%- | $port,
      $default_character,
      $default_message,
| -%>
# This file is managed by Puppet. Please do not make manual changes.
---
:default_character: <%= $default_character %>
:default_message:   <%= $default_message %>
:sinatra_settings:
  :port: <%= $port %>

Simple Validator

puppet parser validate pasture/manifests/init.pp

Puppet-Lint Style validator http://puppet-lint.com/

puppet-lint /etc/puppet/modules
puppet-lint --fix /etc/puppet/modules

There is also PDK https://puppet.com/docs/pdk/1.x/pdk.html


  1. Ruby Ternary Operator
CHECK                            ? TRUE                            : FALSE
scope['processors']['count'] > 1 ? scope['processors']['count'] -1 : 1

Normally to update the host (instead of waiting for the timer)

sudo puppet agent --test

Run and make no changes

sudo puppet agent -t --noop


Relationship metaparameters tell Puppet about ordering relationships among your resources.

  • before => File['/etc/pasture_config.yaml'], <-- create my resource before this other resource (config file) is generated
  • notify => Service['pasture'], <- on change tell this other resource

When a host stops reporting, it will not fetch anything

Manifests

Using the default parameters

include module_class

Passing in parameters

  class { 'pasture':
    default_character => 'cow',
  }


Profiles and Roles

Using roles and profiles is a design pattern, not something written into the Puppet source code.

A profile is a class that declares one or more related component modules and sets their parameters as needed. The set of profiles on a system defines and configures the technology stack it needs to fulfill its business role.

A role is a class that combines one or more profiles to define the desired state for a whole system. A role should correspond to the business purpose of a server.

A role itself should only compose profiles and set their parameters—it should not have any parameters itself.

A role should consist of only include statements to pull in the list of profile classes that make up the role. A role should not directly declare non-profile classes or individual resources.

Facts

https://ragnarkon.com/puppet/accessing-puppet-facts/

$facts['os']['family']

Classic way to access $::osfamily

facter -p os
{
  architecture => "x86_64",
  family => "RedHat",
  hardware => "x86_64",
  name => "CentOS",
  release => {
    full => "7.6.1810",
    major => "7",
    minor => "6"
  },
  selinux => {
    enabled => false
  }
}

Combining and Inheritance

Usually the attribute closest to the object wins, aka hieracommon-dev.yaml over-writes hieracommon.yaml, should you want to use all values set against the object there are two ways 1. In the Manifest

 $allattributes = lookup('package::attribute', Array[String], 'unique')

2. Specify in common.yaml

lookup_options:
  package::attribute:
    merge: unique

Stdlib

a standard library of resources for Puppet modules. such as Stdlib::IP::Address::V4

https://forge.puppet.com/puppetlabs/stdlib

puppet encrypt

Encrypting variables

ssh-keygen -f hostname -C hostname -t ed25519
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin/eyaml encrypt -f hostname
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin/eyaml decrypt -s "ENC[PKCS7,MII......]"

A better way is to use stdin

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin/eyaml encrypt --stdin
<paste a special string> <enter>
ctrl-d

Forman Integration

If the branch that the environment is using gets merged/deleted the nodes stop updating as puppet cant find a class = branch. puppet only needs to find a branch thats 'alive' then it will get told the right information from forman. so

sudo puppet agent -t --environment develop

Instead of --->

Usually when someone has stopped puppet - done lots of changes, potentially deleted the branch it was configured with.

Ensure that the /etc/puppetlabs/puppetpuppet.conf files environment is correct

[main]
vardir = /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/cache
logdir = /var/log/puppetlabs/puppet
rundir = /var/run/puppetlabs
ssldir = /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl

[agent]
pluginsync      = true
report          = true
ignoreschedules = true
ca_server       = puppetmaster.domain
certname        = thishost.domain
environment     = develop
server          = puppetmaster.domain
splay = true

Yaml

ruby -e "require 'yaml';require 'pp';pp YAML.load_file('./hiera.yaml')"

Syntax check a yaml file

ruby -ryaml -e "p YAML.load(STDIN.read)" < data.yaml


Control-Repo

Testing Control-Repo

OnceOVer

gem install onceover onceover-codequality
(in control-repo) onceonver init
onceover run codequality